而當光纖的幾何尺寸可以與光波長相近時，光纖只允許一種模式在其中傳播，其餘的高次模全部截止，這樣的光纖叫做單模光纖。由於單模光纖只有一種模式傳播，避免了模式色散的問題，故單模光纖具有極寬的帶寬，特別適用於大容量的光纖通信。
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The difference between multimode fiber and single mode fiber
When the geometric size of the optical fiber is much larger than the wavelength of the light wave, there will be dozens or even hundreds of propagation modes in the optical fiber. Different propagation modes have different propagation speeds and phases, resulting in time delay and broadening of optical pulses after long-distance transmission. This phenomenon is called modal dispersion of optical fibers. Mode dispersion will narrow the bandwidth of multimode fiber and reduce its transmission capacity. Therefore, multimode fiber is only suitable for optical fiber .munications with smaller capacity.
When the geometric size of the optical fiber can be close to the wavelength of the light, the optical fiber allows only one mode to propagate in it, and all the other high-order modes are cut off. Such an optical fiber is called a single-mode optical fiber. Since the single-mode fiber has only one mode of propagation and avoids the problem of modal dispersion, the single-mode fiber has an extremely wide bandwidth and is especially suitable for large-capacity optical fiber .munications.
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